Posted 16 February 2010 - 04:04 PM
AND SAFETY FROM ICE ETC.
Safety Issues
* Warning: don't hug a wind turbine: May 2006, The Sunday Times, Scotland..."IT HAS been dubbed '21st- century tree-hugging' While Swampy got up close and personal with a Dutch elm, modern eco-enthusiasts are being urged to 'touch a turbine.' ...The trend is backed by the British Wind Energy Association (BWEA), which is calling on the public to visit and touch wind turbines ...But while the trend appears to be growing, the government has warned the public that it could be in for a shock.
The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) claims that the turbines carry the risk of electrocution and injury from loose machinery. ...The DTI’s engineering inspectorate has issued guidelines discouraging people from touching the turbines following a series of accidents.
Anti-wind farm campaigners have catalogued hundreds of safety breaches, including turbines collapsing and lumps of ice thrown at high speed. Yesterday it was reported that ScottishPower had ordered a walker to leave the area around a wind farm in Argyll after chunks of ice began falling from the blades."
* Doctor Terry Matilsky On Ice Throw: Dr. Terry Matilsky, Associate Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Rutgers University, addresses the kinetics of ice throw..."The bottom line is that ice, debris or anything breaking off the wind turbines blades (including the blades themselves) can impact a point almost 1700 feet away from the base of the turbine…"
* RISK ANALYSIS OF ICE THROW FROM WIND TURBINES: Paper presented at BOREAS 6, 9 to 11 April 2003, Pyhä, Finland, Henry Seifert, Annette Westerhellweg, Jürgen Kröning, et al..."Wind turbines are normally erected far away from houses, industry, etc., as the wind conditions are not favourable in the vicinity of large obstacles... However, the turbines are erected close to roads or agricultural infrastructure in order to avoid long and expensive access roads for erection and maintenance. This induces a risk for persons passing by the wind turbines, cars passing the streets if ice fragments fall down from a turbine. Especially in the mountainous sites or in the northern areas icing may occur frequently and any exposed structure - also wind turbines - will be covered by ice under special meteorological conditions. This is also true if today’s Multi Megawatt turbines with heights from ground to the top rotor blade tip of more than 150 m can easily reach lower clouds with supercooled rain in the cold season, causing icing if it hits the leading edge."...
"...(page 2) If a wind turbine operates in icing conditions which are described in [1], two types of risks may occur if the rotor blades collect ice. The fragments from the rotor are thrown off from the operating turbine due to aerodynamic and centrifugal forces or they fall down from the turbine when it is shut down or idling without power production..."...
"...(page 5) In principle, a shut down wind turbine does not differ from other structures like towers, antenna masts, masts of power lines, etc. concerning ice accretion. Depending on the rotor position of the braked or idling rotor different fall widths along the prevailing wind will result at the end of the icing event and increasing temperatures. For automatically detecting ice on the rotor blades, several methods can be recommended. However, at present all these methods or instruments have to be improved and further validated... Observation showed that ice fragments which fall from a stopped rotor break into smaller parts on the way down to the ground. In the worst case - large ice fragments reach longer distances from the still standing rotor - two meter long fragments have been investigated."...
"...Conclusion: The experience and the results of many calculations show that during operation small fragments are hitting the ground in a larger distance than those with a big area whereas from stopped turbines the larger pieces can be transported wider than small ones. However, provided that the turbine is operating the area of risk is larger than at standstill. In both cases the wind direction is an important parameter for the assessment of possible risk and an important parameter for the control systems concerning its behaviour during icing events. Ice sensors and also ice detection by using power curve plausibilisation or two anemometers - oneheated, one unheated - is not reliable enough at the moment and needs to be improved. There is still a lot of information required from operators after icing events in their wind farms. Observation of the turbines and especially the blades by web cameras proved to be a suited, but time consuming method in the Tauernwind project. The calculation methods as well as the assumptions made for the ice fragments have to be improved and validated against observation, if available."...
"...As a general recommendation it can be stated that wind farm developers should be very careful at ice endangered sites in the planning phase and take ice throw into account as a safety issue. Each incident or accident caused by ice throw is an unnecessary event and will decrease the public acceptance of wind energy."
* Man Dies In Wind Tower Fire: Associated Press, Nov 11, 2005..."A South Dakota man died and two people were injured Friday in a wind tower fire in southwestern Minnesota. Benjamin James Thovson, 26, of Sioux Falls, S.D., died at the scene. He fell about 210 feet, Deputy Randy Donahue said. The other two were able to climb down and escape, but were taken to a local hospital.
When help arrived, Donahue said, 'the wind generator was engulfed in flames.'"
* Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing WHITE PAPER: WIND FARMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PUBLIC SAFETY RADIO SYSTEMS: SUMMARY:... "In many parts of the country, wind farms are being installed to alleviate the need to build more electrical generating plants. These wind farms can have a profound effect on your public safety, utility, and governmental microwave systems by chopping and reflecting the microwave beam.
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO: Notify your city and county zoning authority that any application for a wind farm can profoundly affect your emergency communications system and a design review focused on the wind farm’s effects on critical communication systems."
* Wisconsin Lieutenant Governor Says She Is Stunned At Windfarm-radar Controversy : May 12, 2006, Radio Plus, INC...The Wisconsin Lieutenant Governor is weighing in on news that state wind energy projects are on hold because of Homeland Security radar concerns. Renew Wisconsin says an open ended stop work order is in place for more than a dozen wind projects...including the Horicon Marsh windfarm. The projects are on hold until a turbine blade-radar impact study is complete and published in the Congressional Report. Lieutenant Governor, Barbara Lawton, tells AM 1170 WFDL's Between the Liens program she is absolutely stunned to hear the news. Lawton says you would think the potential radar concern would have been addressed years ago.
* Why do wind turbines confuse military radar?: March 4, 2004, David Adam, The Guardian..."The rotating turbine blades fool techniques used to filter out tall buildings, trees and other stationary objects. And because different blades can be picked out during different radar sweeps, banks of turbines appear as a confusing, twinkling mass on screens that can make genuine targets difficult to pick out... There are even concerns that turbines cast a radar shadow behind them, within which enemy planes would be invisible, though recent measurements indicate that it would last for only a few hundred metres and would hide only very small objects."
* Windfarm plan hits turbulence: May 2002, The Scotsman..."Plans to build Europe’s largest windfarm on a moor south of Glasgow threatens the lives of thousands of airline passengers flying in to the city’s airport, according to its owner... A senior air traffic controller at Glasgow Airport said: 'If this windfarm goes ahead we will have a disaster waiting to happen. It is every air traffic controller’s nightmare when a snowstorm of blips shows up on the radar screen.'
* Ministry of Defence and Radar Interference: Humble Hill, Kielder... "In the Spring 2000 edition of OpenView we featured an article about the need to take account of military and civil radar interference from windfarms. Two projects (07-02Graigenlee Fell in Galloway and 08-07Humble Hill, Kielder Forest, Northumberland ) were mentioned and both have since been rejected or withdrawn after MOD objections."
"..the Ministry of Defence objected to the original proposal on the grounds that the wind turbines would interfere with primary and secondary radar therefore impairing the effectiveness of the nearby Spadeadam Electronic Tactics Range (EWTR). In an effort to overcome the MOD's objection the Company reduced the number of wind turbines and reconfigured their location on the site. To this effect the Company submitted a variation to the application.........the MOD maintained their original objection, that is, a windfarm operating in the vicinity of the ETWR would be unacceptable as the training facilities of the EWTR are unique and imperative for the front-line training of RAF crews. MOD believe that the proposed windfarm would interfere both with radar and also with low flying, creating an acute safety hazard to both to members of the public and RAF crews.The MOD indicated that current studies have not conclusively proved that the rotating action of wind turbine blades has no effect on ground and airborne radar. Therefore they rely on their own research which concludes that wind turbines cause interference to primary surveillance radar and also that detection and tracking of aircraft flying over a windfarm is extremely difficult since the responses between the aircraft and the turbine cannot be distinguished.
WOMEN & CATS WILL DO AS THEY PLEASE, AND MEN & DOGS SHOULD GET USED TO THE IDEA.
A DOG ALWAYS OFFERS UNCONDITIONAL LOVE. CATS HAVE TO THINK ABOUT IT!!